‘China intends to take an active part in global governance’: Zyuganov admits Russia/China pursuing unipolar world order, via Belt and Road initiative
"Epicenter of world modernization". Article by G.A. Zyuganova in the publication of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
China, led by Chinese President Xi Jinping, proposes a way that combines progress and justice
The theoretical edition of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences "Research of Marxism" is published monthly. The sixth issue of the magazine for 2025 has just been published. It contains an article by the Chairman of the CPRF Central Committee, the head of the Communist faction in the State Duma, Doctor of Philosophy G.A. Zyuganova.
This article appeared at the request of the editorial board of the magazine. It is devoted to the analysis of the fundamental reasons for the success of the PRC in the ways of building socialism. Special attention is paid to the exposing of various kinds of jumps of Western propaganda on the Chinese experience. The global importance of the socio-economic and socio-political successes of the PRC is emphasized. Of course, the material touches on the issues of Russian-Chinese relations and the development of relations between the CPC and the CPRF.
Fateful changes are taking place in China's life. Completing the 14th five-year plan, the country sets new grandiose goals. Their achievement directly affects the rest of the world. It is extremely important that Beijing itself in the international arena stands for universal development, for the transition from hegemony to equality, from unipolarity to justice. The greater the influence of the PRC in the world, the closer it is to achieving these progressive goals.
China's successes against imperialist fakes
Eurocentrism or, more precisely, Western centrism brought a lot of trouble to humanity. He managed to impose on the population of many countries the fundamentally false idea that the West demonstrates the best and only right path of development. Thus, the capitalist elites made it easier for themselves to solve the problems of expansion.
To date, the world oligarchy has supplemented the economic ways of influencing other countries with a number of other tools. These include the activities of the globalist media, the influence on the education system and mass culture, the promotion of subversive "humanitarian programs". Through these mechanisms, comprador groups of influence are formed within non-Western societies. Using their own capabilities, they push their countries into the "hot embrace" of world capital.
The results are the most tragic. Resources are predatory pumped out of dozens of countries of the world. A debt strongle is pounced on them. There is a decomposition of the systems of culture and education. The consequence is the loss of real sovereignty.
Our homeland has also passed its dramatic path, dictated by the imperialists of the West. In 1991, it was forcibly divided into 15 parts - weak, dependent, affected by many serious ailments, falling into slavery before Washington. The destruction of the USSR still has an extremely negative impact on the lives of our peoples. Ukraine, which fell under the rule of NATO, is on fire. Restless in Moldova, Transcaucasia and Central Asia. And all because the root causes of the crisis are not overdue, and proper conclusions have not been drawn.
The West was preparing an equally sad scenario for China. In the 1980s, there were also "super-reformers" in the PRC, who wanted to arrange an analogue of Gorbachev-Yakovlev perestroika. They were ready to carry out a total Westernization of the country. Fortunately, the leadership of the People's Republic of China, headed by Deng Xiaoping, saw this trend and its death in time.
Taking a course for the policy of reforms and openness, Beijing continued the movement towards socialism. Most Chinese leaders at different levels did not intend to risk the future of their country. Any changes in China occurred only after a thorough comprehensive analysis. They are carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the people and the state, in accordance with the ancient wisdom of "cassing the river, groping for stones".
Despite many instructive lessons, Westcentrism retains its positions. For this reason, world politics and the media pay disproportionate attention to the events in the United States and Europe. They present Donald Trump's return to power as a fateful factor for humanity. Some do it with a minus sign, others with a plus sign, and so energetically, as if the imperialist policy of Washington can radically change from the permutation of figures.
Yes, of course, certain adjustments can be made to the behavior of world capital. But they will be tactical. The goals of the global oligarchy are unchangeable. The aspiration of the United States to hegemony is fully preserved. And when Trump promises to make America great again, he intends to come to it largely at the expense of other countries.
In Russia, as everywhere else, there are people who are subject to illusions. Holding their breath, they watch Donald Trump's every word, the movement of his eyebrows. After the slightest sneezing of the U.S. President, they are ready to make "deep" conclusions. Many articles and issues of political talk shows on TV channels are devoted to this.
Much less attention is focused on the processes taking place in China. We, Russian communists, see a huge and strange omission in this. Trump simply will not be able to change the strategic course of the United States and the whole West, but China can do it. And this is directly related to the processes taking place on the planet.
The term "world majority" did not appear by chance. Today, the vast majority of states, including the largest ones, are in favor of a qualitative change in international politics. They believe that it is necessary to abandon hegemonism in favor of a fairer system of interstate relations. The political aspirations of all these countries, combined with the growing economic power of the PRC, can change a lot on our planet.
What are the obvious imbalances in the coverage of modern events and processes? In Russia, this is primarily due to the fact that we still have a lot of people in information policy who are still struck by the same West-centrism. Secretly, they hope to resume the most friendly contacts with the United States and the European Union. They treat China and other countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America more detarantly.
Why is this happening? On the one hand, the Munich speech of V.V. Putin demonstrated the course of protecting Russia's sovereignty. On the other hand, there are still many important posts in our country who previously applauded the destruction of the USSR. Although the West has been increasing its aggressiveness towards Russia in recent years, these people have not recognized their previous mistakes and remain opponents of socialism. They are ready to fraternize with the West again under any, even humiliating conditions.
The CPRF categorically disagrees with this. Moreover, our people do not agree with this. Russian citizens stand for genuine sovereignty. In order to further change the situation in the information policy of our country, the CPRF is making serious efforts for the better. To do this, we use our authority in society, our parliamentary, informational and other opportunities.
We clarify that the policy of the leadership of the People's Republic of China deserves the closest attention. This is especially important now, as the world is at a fateful crossroads. Humanity was at the point of choosing the way: either submission to the ruthless will of Western capital, or achievement of true independence. In the first case, the world will fall under the rule of the "pyramid" of imperialist states led by the United States for a long time. If the peoples defend their independence, an equal union of nations will become possible.
In order to objectively approach the analysis of this important topic, it is necessary to expose a number of myths that are thrown into the information space. One of them is that China has allegedly exhausted opportunities for accelerated development and is gradually retreating, letting India and other countries go ahead. According to manipulators, the Chinese economy is closely related to the Western one and now suffers from it. They claim that Washington's steps, including an increase in import duties, withdrawal of production from China, creation of a "semiconductor alliance" and others, have caused irreparable damage to Beijing.
Everything from beginning to end is a lie here. Let's start with the fact that India's economy is five times smaller than the Chinese economy. Even at the current growth rate, it will take decades to get closer to the PRC. That's the first thing.
Secondly, the West is much more dependent on China than China is on the West. This is indicated by the increase in the deficit in mutual trade. In the trade turnover of the People's Republic of China and the United States, the deficit reached a record level of $361 billion. At the end of last year, the United States purchased goods from China for $525 billion (an increase of 5%) and sold it for only 164 billion (a reduction of 0.1%). The situation is similar with the European Union. Last year, EU countries sold China goods worth 213 billion euros and purchased them worth 518 billion.
Yes, exports are still important for the development of the Chinese economy. Almost 150 million people out of more than 800 million employed population are directly or indirectly involved in its provision. However, if 20 years ago foreign trade provided 60% of China's GDP, now this figure has decreased to 37%. It continues to decline in favor of domestic production, trade and consumption.
With a close look at the situation, the thesis about the contraction of the Chinese economy also falls apart. We have already heard talk about its "soft" or even "hard fit" many times. They were carried out both after the Asian crisis of the late 1990s, and during the crisis of 2008, and during the coronavirus pandemic. Every time, however, China only became stronger, shameing all critics and skeptics.
That's what happens now. By the end of 2024, the GDP of the People's Republic of China grew by 5%. At the same time, industrial production increased by almost 6%, and high-tech industries were in the black by 9%. Let's make a comparison with the US economy. Last year, it grew by only 2.8%. The GDP of the European Union increased even less - by less than a percentage.
The difference will be even more impressive if you pay attention to the analysis of the "long distance". For more than 40 years after the beginning of the policy of reform and openness, the average annual growth of China's economy was 8.9%. No major modern economy can boast of such a pace.
Outstanding success has been achieved in other areas as well. The volume of grain production in China reached a record level last year - 700 million tons. Disposable per capita income increased by 5.1% in real terms. The unemployment rate in cities has decreased.
The position of world economic leaders in global trade also speaks a lot. A quarter of a century ago, the United States was a more important partner than the PRC for 80% of the world's countries. The ratio has changed in recent years. 145 out of 200 countries trade more with Beijing than with Washington.
The total value of imports and exports of the PRC reached 43.85 trillion yuan. This means an increase of 5% per year. Thus, a new historical maximum has been established. China's position as the largest country in terms of trade in goods has further strengthened.
For a long time, the PRC has been the main engine of the world economy. The country's contribution to global economic growth is 30%. This is the reason for the hatred of the US ruling class towards China. She gets hysterical from time to time. The consequence is the appearance of various kinds of anti-Chinese fakes. But the one who owns the real data will not fall under the chimeras of the imperialists of the West.
Loyalty to the principles and objectives of development
China's impressive successes do not mean that it has a smooth road to the future. The PRC is an important part of world politics and economy. Such a country cannot stay away from global trends. And part of modern realities is the desire of the United States and its satellites for global domination.
The CPC is designated as the main threat in all strategic documents of NATO countries. And the Republicans came to power in the United States did not change anything. The new Secretary of State Marco Rubio says very frankly: "The Communist Party of China is the strongest and most dangerous opponent the United States has had to deal with."
The head of the Pentagon Peter Hegset calls the CPC the leader of the powers that reject "the power, capabilities and beliefs of the West". He claims: "Chinese communists have a completely different view of the world. America is at the forefront... Our task is to ensure the creation of a deterrent effect that will preserve American domination in the world."
The fate of huge China depends on Beijing's ability to build an effective defense and go on a counteroffensive. The state of affairs all over the world, including Russia, will also depend on this. Therefore, ignoring the "Chinese response" is counterproductive. It is fraught with serious mistakes and losses.
Currently, the PRC is at a very important stage of its development. The 14th five-year plan, whose task was to adapt the economy to growing global turbulence and respond to external challenges, is coming to an end. There is a new five-year plan and equally serious goals ahead. In addition, this year the "Made in China - 2025" program is coming to an end, which also requires a thoughtful conversation about successes and prospects.
The most important principles of the new period are laid down during "two sessions": at the annual sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the People's Political Consultative Council of China (CPPCC). They are traditionally held in March. This year they started work with a difference of one day: March 4 and 5. In the course of their work, important statements were made, the tasks facing China were discussed. Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Li Qiang made a report on the work of the government and the implementation of the socio-economic development plan for the year. His key theses deserve special attention.
First, the policy of national modernization and strategies for the development of new productive forces will be continued. In 2025, more than 398 billion yuan will be allocated from the budget for the development of science and technology. This is 10% more than in 2024.
Secondly, military spending will be increased by 7.2%. The budget of the People's Liberation Army of China will be almost 1.8 trillion yuan, or 250 billion dollars.
Thirdly, the leadership of the People's Republic of China intends to maintain the GDP growth rate at 5%. For this purpose, in particular, increased attention will be paid to the "industry of the future". Special emphasis is on sixth-generation mobile communication technology, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies.
Fourthly, measures to stimulate consumption are called a key factor of national development. Domestic demand is seen as the main engine and "stabilizing anchor" of economic growth. To do this, prices will be maintained "at an acceptable level", and the inflation target for 2025 will be 2%.
Fifth, China will continue its independent peaceful foreign policy and constructive interaction with other countries. The report notes the rejection of hegemony and power policy of individual states. At the same time, the PRC remains ready for more and more openness to the outside world, confirms its commitment to equality and justice in the international arena.
Sixth, Beijing emphasizes loyalty to the established principles of governance. The development process of the country will take place under the firm leadership of the Communist Party, taking into account the general strategy of its Central Committee.
The autumn, 4th plenary session of the CPC Central Committee of the 20th convocation promises to be extremely important. At such plenary sessions, the preliminary plan for the next five-year plan is agreed upon. Directly XV five-year socio-economic development plan will be adopted in 2026 and is designed until 2030.
A general idea of the main directions and principles of the country's development can be based on recent events in the life of China. The 3rd plenum of the CPC Central Committee of the 20th convocation, held in July last year, provides important food for thought. It developed plans for further comprehensive deepening of reforms and promotion of modernization.
In total, more than 300 important reform measures were put forward during the plenary session. They were reflected in the resolution "On further comprehensive deepening of reforms to promote Chinese modernization". This detailed document touches on the whole range of priority tasks facing China.
Noting that the policy of reforms and openness gave the start to the accelerated development of the country, the CPC Central Committee recognized that the specific ways of its implementation did not always meet the interests of the country and the people. A new generation of managers, led by Xi Jinping, took up the correction of errors.
The decision of the Central Committee states: "Having gathered the courage to touch on the "deepwater zone" and solve the most complex issues without retreating from any dangers, the Central Committee of the party decisively eliminated various structural and institutional vices, as a result of which the reforms moved from the stage of local search and overcoming certain obstacles to the stage of systematic, integrated and comprehensive deepening... Thanks to all this, China went on a new campaign of comprehensive construction of a modernized socialist state. The present moment and the subsequent certain period are key to the comprehensive promotion of the great cause of building a powerful power and national revival through Chinese modernization."
The CPC explains the need to continue the modernization policy by the complexity of the international situation, a new row of the scientific and technological revolution and the expectations of the masses. It is noted that without adequate responses to the challenges of our time, it is impossible to preserve and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, strengthen the potential of public administration, promote sustainable and long-term development of the party and the state, and meet the demands of the people.
The plenum of the CPC Central Committee called Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong's ideas, Deng Xiaoping's theory, as well as Xi Jinping's ideas about socialism with Chinese specificity in the new era as the guiding ideas of comprehensive deepening of reforms. The starting point and ultimate goal of the reforms are the promotion of social equality and justice, increasing the welfare of the people.
Chinese leaders remember well one of Karl Marx's criticism of capitalism, when "In direct accordance with the growth of the value of the world of things, the devaluation of the human world is growing". The value of socialism, its humanism is precisely manifested in the ability to solve this problem. In this regard, Marx argued: "If a person's character is created by circumstances, it is necessary to make circumstances human."
The Chinese communists are working purposefully and tirelessly to solve this problem. Back on December 3, 2013, at the 11th collective training with the participation of members of the Politburo of the CPC of the 18th convocation, Xi Jinping said: "To support and develop socialism with Chinese specificity, we must adjust industrial relations to adapt them to the development of productive forces, as well as improve the superstructure to adapt it to the economic basis. For 35 years of reforms and openness, we have achieved great success in socio-economic development. The main reason is that we have released the viability of the productive forces... Focusing on reforms, we strive to promote social development, adapting to changes in major social contradictions. Basic social contradictions are constantly developing, so we need to constantly adjust industrial relations and improve the superstructure. I previously said that the development of our practice, the emancipation of consciousness, reforms and openness are endless processes. Reforms and openness are a continuous process that will never be completed. This corresponds to historical materialism."
Xi Jinping's report at the 19th CPC Congress on October 18, 2017 emphasized the need to "form a complete, scientifically based, normative and effectively functioning institutional system in order to fully reveal the advantages of China's socialist system". In this regard, it was emphasized: "Only in socialism salvation for China, only with the policy of reforms and openness is the development of China, the development of socialism, the development of Marxism possible. It is necessary to continue to preserve and improve the socialist system with Chinese specificity, to continuously stimulate the modernization of the system and the potential of public administration".
The resolution of the 3rd Plenum of the CPC Central Committee of the 20th convocation notes: "By 2035, the system of a high-level socialist market economy will be fully formed, the socialist system with Chinese specificity will become more perfect, in general, the system and potential of public administration will be modernized, socialist modernization will mainly be completed, which will lay a solid foundation for the full construction of a modernized socialist power by the middle of this century".
Let's note a number of other important ideas reflected in the Resolution of the Plenum of the CPC Central Committee. First, recognizing the need to use market mechanisms in the allocation of resources, the party calls for "more effective performance of the role of the government, defending and improving the basic economic system of socialism, contributing to achieving a high level of scientific and technical self-sufficiency and self-strengthening".
Secondly, it focuses on the development of people's democracy. The position of the people as the master of the country and the rule of law in public administration are emphasized. The tasks are set to reach a higher level of construction of the socialist rule of law.
Thirdly, the importance of improving the system and mechanisms for the development of the cultural sphere is noted. It is said that it is necessary to promote cultural prosperity, enrich the spiritual life of the people, build up the cultural "soft power" of the country and strengthen the influence of Chinese culture.
It is extremely important that the plenum emphasized the leadership of Marxism in the field of ideology. As you know, the Chinese leadership has carefully studied the experience of the destruction of the USSR. In conversations with our Chinese friends, I myself have repeatedly answered questions about the causes of the tragedy that befell the Soviet Union. This issue has always been of interest to politicians, businessmen, and scientists of China. Thanks to a huge research work, important conclusions were drawn.
One of the fundamental conclusions is that the ossification of ideological work leads to the weakening of the Marxist-Leninist party and the restoration of capitalism. In this regard, the plenum set the task of improving the system of education in the groups of theoretical training under the party committees and ideological and political work in general. The instruction was given: "To introduce innovations into the programs of research and development of the theory of Marxism, to implement innovative programs in the field of philosophy and social sciences, to form an independent Chinese system of knowledge in the field of philosophy and social sciences".
Fourthly, special attention is paid to improving the quality of life of the people. For this purpose, the income distribution system and the employment system are to be improved. It is to improve social security and increase the availability of basic public services. The result should be comprehensive human development and ensuring the universal well-being of the population.
The fifth task is to build a "Beautiful China". This means improving the environment, stimulating economical, intensive low-carbon development, harmonious coexistence of man and nature.
Sive, the focus of the plenum of the CPC Central Committee was the construction of "Calm China". The implementation of this task involves the improvement of the national security system.
The seventh principle is the last on the list, but one of the first in importance. The resolution states: "Foculuring efforts on increasing the level of party leadership and building the party's capacity..., updating and improving the methods of party leadership and public administration, deepening the reform of the party building system, improving the system of comprehensive strict intra-party management".
The anti-corruption campaign continues in China. According to official data, in the first three quarters of 2024, the country's disciplinary inspection and supervision bodies investigated 642,000 cases. About 462 thousand people were punished. The cases of 15 thousand persons were transferred to the prosecutor's office for consideration. The number of officials under investigation at the level of ministers and heads of provincial administrations reached 58 people. These indicators are higher than a year earlier. Among those under investigation is the head of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Council Miao Hua. He was removed from office on suspicion of serious disciplinary violations.
So, the Chinese leadership has set large-scale creative tasks. They are planned to be carried out by 2029 - the 80th anniversary of the formation of the People's Republic of China.
On the path of comprehensive progress
The leadership of the People's Republic of China is developing a program of action in the context of the complexity of world processes. Humanity is passing through a stormy ocean of conflicts and contradictions generated by the crisis of the capitalist system. The Chinese state "ship" comes to this area fully equipped. The PRC has everything: an experienced team, accurate navigation charts and clear instructions in case of unforeseen circumstances.
Beijing's goal is to build a powerful socialist state and national revival through modernization. There is every reason to believe that the Chinese people will continue to move forward successfully, closely rallying around the CPC Central Committee led by Xi Jinping. He will be able to ensure the comprehensive modernization of his country on the principles of socialism.
The "aim of the second century" of the CPC is the construction of a modernized socialist power by 2049, that is, by the centenary of the People's Republic of China. The "First Century" was timed to the centenary of the Communist Party. On the way to it, the task of creating a society of middle-income was successfully completed. China has prematurely brought the rates of extreme poverty to zero. This is a kind of historical feat of the CPC, because by the beginning of the reforms the poverty rate exceeded 80%.
The goals set by the 3rd plenum form the basis of the current policy. In February, Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Jilin Province, calling on the region to play a more important role in promoting Chinese modernization. According to him, Jilin should focus on high-quality development. This implies an emphasis on the real sector of the economy and unified planning for the development of competitive industries and the cultivation of productive forces of a new quality. Xi Jinping also noted the need to transform scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces.
A government meeting with the participation of the Minister of Finance of the People's Republic of China Lan Foan was devoted to the prospects for the development of the country. The key task was the modernization of the national industry. It involves the introduction of innovations and the latest technologies, support for the education sector, the creation of favorable conditions for small businesses. At the same time, the Chinese leadership is going to make efforts to improve the people's welfare. The way to this is to stimulate employment, improve the quality of health care, and form a developed social security network.
Issues related to the world economy were also discussed at the meeting. The need to maintain a high level of openness to the outside world, optimization of duties and other fiscal policy measures in relation to exports and imports is indicated. The deepening of cooperation with the countries involved in the "One Belt - One Road" initiative was especially noted. China intends to take an active part in global governance, in the discussion of financial and economic issues at the bilateral and multilateral levels.
With all its inclusion in world processes, Beijing considers domestic consumption and demand stimulation as a key factor in development. It is planned to increase the purchasing power of citizens, including the retirement age.
In general, 2025 should be marked by new economic achievements, serious technological breakthroughs and strengthening of international cooperation. According to most forecasts, Beijing will be able to maintain sustainable economic growth at the level of 5%. This corresponds to the promising indicators laid down in the 14th five-year plan and aimed at overcoming the consequences of the "coronavirus crisis".
However, in China, they do not operate only with short-term considerations. The task of maintaining annual GDP growth at the level of 5% corresponds to the plans to double the economy by 2035. The Chongyang Institute of Finance at the People's University of China believes that in the next 10 years China will maintain the weighted average annual rate of national development at the level of 4.7-5%. With such indicators, by 2035 the PRC will double its GDP compared to 2020. This will mean that the country will confidently surpass the United States in terms of GDP. By that time, the American economy will be 32-33 trillion dollars, and the Chinese economy will grow to 35 trillion. This will ensure the PRC's economic status №1.
The country's leadership intends to achieve ambitious goals with the help of several closely related strategies. The first of them is to change the fiscal policy. Its mode will change from "moderate" to "moderately soft". According to economists, this will have the following consequences. First, reducing the rate of mandatory reserves for banks by 1.5-2.5% will additionally release from 3 to 5 trillion yuan of liquidity. Secondly, the issue of ultra-long-term government bonds will increase from 1 to 2 trillion yuan. Thirdly, the quota for the issue of target bonds of the state loan by local governments will be significantly expanded. If last year the quota was 3.9 trillion yuan, in 2025 it will grow to 5 trillion yuan.
The funds raised from the issue of government bonds will be directed by the government to infrastructure projects, support the housing market and promotion of domestic consumption. It is the development of domestic demand that is the second main task of economic policy in the near future. With the help of this tool, the leadership of the People's Republic of China intends to mitigate the impact of external factors of uncertainty, including the tightening of trade policy by the Trump administration.
Our Chinese friends are absolutely right in their decisions. Domestic consumption is much more predictable and controlled than foreign trade. It should play the role of a balancing load that will ensure the stability of the economy in a global storm.
Among the specific mechanisms for stimulating domestic consumption is the expansion of the program for the renovation of household appliances by Chinese households. According to the Chinese State Committee for Reform and Development, the list of home appliance subsidies is expanding from 8 to 12 items. The state also intends to expand the scale of subsidies for electronics sales, including smartphones, tablets and smart watches.
Additional tools are an increase in the issuance of consumer vouchers and the extension of the terms of discount seasons in the field of trade. So, this year the discount season in honor of the Chinese New Year lasted from January 7 to February 5. Thanks to the measures taken, the growth of retail trade in 2025 will outperform economic growth and will amount to at least 5.5%.
In addition to subsidizing goods and services, the systematic increase in investments in fixed assets serves to stimulate domestic consumption. The volume of investment in infrastructure and, crucially, in the manufacturing industry is growing especially successfully. Investments in high-tech industries are also growing at an accelerated pace - by 8% year-on-year.
The growth of investments in fixed assets increases the consumption of building materials and equipment, creates new jobs, ensures the growth of incomes of the population. All this, in turn, creates additional demand. According to forecasts, in 2025, the growth of investments in infrastructure will be 5.5%, and in production - at the level of 6%.
The launch of new projects in January this year was a great and important stamp. In the city of Xiamen alone, 77 projects worth a total of 77.5 billion yuan were launched in Fujian province. The scale of development is impressive.
Fengning, the world's largest hydroelectric power plant, was put into operation in Hebei province. It has 12 reversible hydraulic turbines with a capacity of 300 MW each. Two of them are with adjustable speed. The total installed capacity of the station is 3.6 GW.
The first batch of 622 major projects planned for 2025 with a total value of 406 billion yuan was launched in Anhui province. More than half of them are aimed at the development of modern high-tech sectors of the economy, including new energy and the production of new materials.
Five provinces and centrally administered cities, including Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Liaoning, have announced plans to stimulate the semiconductor industry. Today it is considered critically important in the development of the advanced economy.
Guangdong and Shanghai intend to strengthen their leading position in the new energy generation (NEV) vehicle sector, where China has a technological advantage. In addition, Guangdong province participates in a pilot project to implement the national initiative "integration of vehicles, roads and cloud technologies".
Sichuan Province and Chongqing City together make up the Southwest Economic Region of China. He places a special focus on the development of intelligent transport technologies.
A number of provinces presented the "Artificial Intelligence Plus" programs. Beijing is creating two intelligent computing clusters, and each of them is designed for 10,000 graphics processors. Anhui Province plans to build a research center to develop a fusion reactor. The main capacities of the international lunar research station project are also concentrated there. Shanghai, where C919 passenger aircraft are produced, is working on the development of a large-scale aviation industry. Hainan is implementing a unique hydrogen production project using wind energy.
Already this year, China is expected to put an air taxi with vertical take-off and landing into operation. Shanghai will be the first city with an innovative transport system. Now 150 routes have already been developed here. By 2027, their number will grow to 400. Fifth-generation communication networks and the Chinese satellite navigation system "Beidou" will be used to manage low-altitude traffic.
Another novelty is expected this year: the introduction of electric aircraft will begin. Work on the development of hydrogen aviation will continue. The first four-seater single-engine hydrogen-fueled aircraft has already been successfully tested last year.
An important leap will give the deployment of a low-orbit constellation of Qianfan communication satellites ("Thousand Sails"). The first 18 devices were launched in August 2024. The plan by the end of this year is 648 satellites. The grouping can surpass the American Starlink network of 6.2 thousand devices. The Chinese system will consist of 14,000 satellites. The new network will provide Internet connection, monitor air pollution around the world and create an "umbrella" to protect against potentially dangerous asteroids.
Space satellites will be assembled, among other things, at the largest factory in Asia. It will be put into operation in June 2025. Work is being carried out at the Wenchang Cosmodrome on Hainan Island.
The Chinese automotive industry is developing rapidly. The PRC already accounts for 58% of the global fleet of electric vehicles. In 2014, car exports from China accounted for 0.6% of world supplies. By the end of 2023, car sales abroad reached 8.1% of world exports.
Finally, China sets records for the development of computing power and artificial intelligence. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China predicts that in 2025 China's computing capacity will reach 300 exaflops. It is worth recalling that 1 exaflops is equal to 1 quintillion operations per second.
Literally in January, the Chinese startup DeepSeek blew up the technology sphere. He presented an open AI chatbot capable of competing with Western counterparts. DeepSeek is actively implementing Tencent products, an Internet provider that supports QQ fast messaging systems. The Chinese search engine Baidu and the leading automaker BYD are not behind. The DeepSeek system is also used in public administration.
A technological breakthrough is unthinkable without progress in science. China has impressive success here as well. In 2024, the PRC rose to 11th place in the Global Innovation Index rating, becoming the only middle-income country to enter the top 30 of the rating. Even the Bloomberg agency, which is hard to suspect of sympathy for Beijing, predicts that in 2026 China's high-tech industry will account for 19% of GDP against 11% in 2018. This share will grow to 23% if the "new three" of high-tech industries are included here - new energy vehicles, lithium batteries and photovoltaic products.
13 out of 22 new "mayacons" are located in China. This name was given to enterprises with the highest world criteria of modern intelligent digital production, resource conservation and environmental protection.
China makes a decisive contribution to the "energy transition" strategy, producing 70% of photovoltaic modules and 60% of wind power equipment. In 2024, the export of wind turbines increased by 72%. Also last year, a record number of lithium batteries was exported - 3.91 billion.
Xi Jinping's ideas and the contours of the future
Despite all the achievements of the "internal contour", China remains an important participant in global processes. This role is growing in proportion to the strengthening of the country's economic opportunities. However, the behavior of the PRC in international economic and political processes is fundamentally different from the hegemonic course of the imperialist forces of the United States. Beijing is not for the dictates of the global oligarchy, but for mutually beneficial cooperation, for a humanity-family where everyone has a legitimate vote.
China offers a system of global structure, expressed in the concept of a community of common destiny of mankind. Its most capacive content is given in Xi Jinping's report at the XX CPC Congress. Then, in October 2022, it was announced that the world was undergoing unprecedented changes.
On the one hand, people strive for cooperation and development on the principle of universal gain. On the other hand, "the deficit of peace, the deficit of development, the deficit of security and the deficit of management" is aggravated, which is due to the course of a number of powers to oppress the weak, robbery and other forms of hegemony, despotism and harassment.
China has a rich historical experience behind it. Its most dramatic pages are related to the actions of the colonial powers that tried to divide China and subjugate it to themselves. The best sons of the Chinese people never agreed with this. At one time, V.I. paid close attention to this. Lenin.
This year marks the 120th anniversary of the beginning of the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. Assessing her influence, V.I. Lenin wrote: "The Russian revolution caused a movement throughout Asia. Revolutions in Turkey, Persia, China prove that the powerful uprising of 1905 left deep traces and that its influence, manifested in the progressive movement of hundreds and hundreds of millions of people, is ineradicable."
Developing his thought, Lenin noted: "World capitalism and the Russian movement of 1905 finally awakened Asia. Hundreds of millions of the population, staken wild in the medieval stagnation, woke up to a new life and the struggle for the basic human rights, for democracy... The awakening of Asia and the beginning of the struggle for power by the advanced proletariat of Europe mark the opening of a new strip of world history at the beginning of the 20th century".
Special resolution of the VI ("Prawe") All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP "On the Chinese Revolution", written by V.I. Lenin, in particular, stated "the global significance of the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people, which carries the liberation of Asia and undermines the domination of the European bourgeoisie, welcomes the revolutionary Republicans of China, testifies to the deep enthusiasm and full sympathy with which the proletariat of Russia follows the successes of the revolutionary people in China, and stigmatizes the behavior of Russian liberalism, which supports the policy of seizing tsarism".
V.I. Lenin was dealing with China, where the proletariat as an independent and powerful political force was not yet present. In this regard, he highly appreciated Sun Yat-sen's democratic program, saw in it a means of mobilizing the masses of China for revolution. Lenin wrote about the "militant, sincere democracy" that permeates Sun Yat-sen's platforms, and noted: "We have a really great ideology of a truly great people who can not only mourn their centuries-old slavery, not only dream of freedom and equality, but also fight against the centuries-old oppressors of China."
Back in 1916, V.I. Lenin pointed out the inevitability of liberation wars of the peoples of colonial and dependent countries, primarily such as China, against imperialism. This Leninist analysis was fully confirmed. The development of the Chinese revolution from 1926 to 1949 took place in the form of successive anti-feudal and anti-imperialist revolutionary wars.
The nature of the future government in China was also of great interest to I.V. Stalin. In November 1926, he noted that it would resemble "the power we talked about in 1905, i.e. something like a democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry, with the difference, however, that it will be an anti-imperialist power predominantly".
Developing Marxist-Leninist ideas in relation to the experience of his country, Mao Zedong prepared a number of important works on the Chinese revolution. Among them: "On New Democracy" (1940), "On the Dictatorship of People's Democracy" (1949) and a number of others. Successfully combining theory with practice, Mao Zedong led the CPC to victory and became the founder of the New China.
The Communist Party of China, faithful to the red banner of Marx-Engels-Lenin-Stalin, successfully applies Marxist-Leninist theory in its policy. On this basis, it leads the Chinese people to new victories, indicating ways to overcome major challenges and acute threats.
It is impossible not to agree with the assessment of Comrade Xi Jinping: "Human society has faced unprecedented challenges. The world has once again stood at the crossroads of historical development, and its future depends on the choice of all the peoples of the world." China itself pursues an independent and independent foreign policy, defends the norms of international relations, protects equality and justice on the world stage. The PRC respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, supports the right of people to independently choose the path of development and social structure.
China, as Comrade Xi Jinping emphasized at the XX Congress of the CPC, "categorically opposes any forms of hegemonism and the politics of force, against the mentality of the Cold War, interference in the internal affairs of other countries and the application of double standards". This intransigence to the dictates, the desire for friendship of peoples and equal cooperation are fully consistent with the spirit of Marxism-Leninism.
Beijing sees the future of the peoples of the world in building a community of common destiny of mankind. This implies following common principles, living in peace and harmony, striving for cooperation and the common good. It is impossible not to recognize the justice of this approach. In fact, only on these foundations can prosperity and security be ensured in the world. Detailing its approaches to international affairs, China is ready to implement its initiatives for global development and global security together with the world community.
Xi Jinping calls for the development of common values of all mankind: peace, development, equality, justice, democracy and freedom, promotion of mutual understanding and development of close relations between the peoples of all countries, respect for the diversity of world civilizations. Exchanges and mutual enrichment between civilizations can prevail over mutual alienation and clash, over the sense of superiority of one civilization over another.
"The era in which we live is full of challenges, full of hopes. The Chinese people are ready, together with all the peoples of the world, to create an even more beautiful future for humanity, together with all the peoples of the world," Xi Jinping notes. This clearly demonstrates the desire to create a fundamentally different climate in relations on the world stage, to respond together to global challenges.
Beijing is invariably guided by the developed principles in foreign policy. Speaking at a symposium on the international situation and Chinese diplomacy at the end of 2024, Wang Yi, a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China, said that the creation of a community of common destiny of mankind has become a great thing, the construction of which is joined by more and more countries around the world. Last year, agreements on joint promotion of the concept were concluded with Brazil, Serbia and other countries.
The leaders of China and African countries agreed on the creation of an all-weather Chinese-African community of common destiny in the new era. According to Wang Yi, this expressed the common aspirations of 2.8 billion Chinese and Africans to develop together in conditions of greater solidarity. China, he added, is making efforts to create communities of common destiny with Central Asia, ASEAN, Arab states, countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The Chinese Foreign Minister is undoubtedly right, noting that all this opens up new horizons for the harmonious coexistence of different civilizations.
A serious step in this direction was the opening of the Center for Community Studies of the Common Destiny of Humanity in Beijing on January 2 this year. The Center was established under the Chinese Diplomatic Academy and is designed to deepen scientific study, political consultations, propaganda and cultivation of talents in the field of the community of common destiny of mankind. Speaking at the opening ceremony, Wang Yi noted: "The concept of a community of common destiny unites the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and peoples of all countries and closely connects the future of China with the future of the whole world. We are glad to see that the concept has turned from initiative to consensus, from vision to practice and contributes to positive changes in the modern world."
The entire foreign policy of China is built into the concept of a community of common destiny of mankind. A number of important events are scheduled for this year, the main organizer of which will be Beijing. In late August - early September, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit will be held in China. At the meeting of the heads of state of the organization, it is expected to adopt a number of important documents. Among them is the SCO development strategy for the new ten-year period.
This is not the only event dedicated to China's presidency. Thus, the Forum of Political Parties of the SCO, the Forum on Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development, the International Investment and Trade Fair are being prepared. In total, almost four dozen events are in the process of preparation.
In May, Xinjiang will host the SCO-2025 Media Cooperation Forum. It will be held on the initiative of "Renmin Zhibao". One of the participants will be the TV channel of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation "Red Line". It is also worth noting the fact that our party TV channel is an information partner of the news network of the "One Belt and One Road" project.
The next summit of the "One Belt and One Road" initiative also promises to be an important event. Its participants will have to develop directions of development during the period of strengthening of Washington's aggressive policy. For more than ten years, the initiative has proven its effectiveness. China has signed cooperation agreements with more than 150 countries and 30 international organizations.
According to the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, Chinese companies have created more than 17 thousand enterprises abroad as part of the initiative. The total volume of direct investment exceeded $330 billion. Trade and economic zones opened in the participating countries provided 530 thousand jobs. China's trade with its "Belt and Road" partners grew by 6.4% year-on-year and for the first time exceeded half of the country's total foreign trade.
In December 2024, a symposium dedicated to the implementation of the strategy was held in Beijing. As Xi Jinping said, multilateral cooperation has entered a new stage of high-quality development. He stressed the need to adhere to the principles of broad consultation, joint contribution and common benefit; open, environmentally friendly and honest cooperation; high standard, people-oriented and sustainable partnership.
Russian communists assess the idea of a community of common destiny of mankind as extremely fruitful. It fully corresponds to the interests of all countries and peoples, of course, and Russia too. It is worth noting the common position of our two countries in the establishment of fair international relations. This similarity of approaches on the world stage contributes to mutual understanding between Beijing and Moscow on other issues.
President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, other state and political figures of our countries, scientists and experts have repeatedly noted that relations between China and Russia have reached an unprecedentedly high level. Fortunately, there is every reason for such an assessment. I am deeply convinced that these relations should be cherished, doing everything possible to further bring our peoples closer together. For the CPRF, this is the most important point of our efforts.
Building a community of common destiny of mankind requires strengthening high-quality cooperation, improving planning, coordination and management mechanisms. This is the point of view of the author of the concept - President of the People's Republic of China and Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping. It is important that all progressive forces support his call for perseverance and courage in overcoming any risks and challenges, for steadily strengthening cooperation.
The future grows out of the past, and its contours are determined in the present. What tomorrow will be the day of humanity is largely decided today and to a large extent in China. The processes taking place in the PRC affect both Russia and the rest of the world. And the fact that this influence is productive and creative redefines the socialist path of the Chinese people.